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		| Brandon Alan Bridge and Matías  Fontenla | 
	
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		| ''Household-level effects of electricity on off-farm income'' | 
	
		| ( 2019, Vol. 39 No.1 ) | 
	
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		| This paper looks at the effect of energy poverty on income in Nicaragua. Energy poverty, defined as the absence of sufficient choice in accessing adequate, affordable, reliable, high-quality, safe and environmentally benign energy services to support economic and human development, can have wide-ranging impacts on human development and quality of life. Nicaragua is one of the least developed countries in Latin America, and has a high incidence of energy poverty. Almost 28% of households in Nicaragua have no access to electricity. Using Living Standards Measurement Survey panel data from 1998-99 and 2005, and propensity score matching quantile difference-in-difference techniques, this paper investigates energy poverty in Nicaragua and its impact on household off-farm income. We find large and significant effects of electricity on off-farm income. | 
	
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		| Keywords: energy poverty,  electricity,  rural electrification,  development,  poverty,  Nicaragua | 
	
		| JEL: O1 - Economic Development: General Q4 - Energy: General
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		| | Manuscript Received : Nov 06 2017 |  | Manuscript Accepted : Feb 18 2019 | 
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