First Author:   Saïd Souam University Paris Nanterre, EconomiX, CREST and CREAD said.souam@ensae.fr   Paris       Second Author: Kahina Cherfi-Feroukhi CREAD (Applied Eonomy Research Center for Development) k.feroukhi@cread.dz   Rue Djamel Eddine El-Afghani - Algiers, Algeria Rostomia, El Hammadia BP., dz