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		| Paul  Vera-Gilces, Jack  Zambrano, José Gabriel  Castillo García, Xavier  Ordeñana, Segundo  Camino-Mogro and Juan  Dominguez | 
	
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		| ''Liquidity, responsiveness, and external shocks: A firm-level approach'' | 
	
		| ( 2025, Vol. 45 No.2 ) | 
	
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		| This document presents an analytical tool that allows monitoring the liquidity conditions of firms in Ecuador. In this way, we analyze the situation of the firms using liquidity ratios and constructing the operating cash flow of the firms. Our results show that at least half of the firms in Ecuador have liquidity problems because of the COVID-19 pandemic and that their working capital has a slow adjustment level when facing adverse situations. | 
	
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		| Keywords: Liquidity,  External shock,  Covid-19,  Ecuador | 
	
		| JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General
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		| | Manuscript Received : Aug 28 2024 |  | Manuscript Accepted : Jun 30 2025 | 
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