Naila Hayek Universite de Franche-Comte, and Laboratoire Marin Mersenne, Universite de Paris I   Laboratoire Marin Mersenne, Universite de Paris I. 90 rue de Tolbiac 75013 Paris France Paris, France   naila.hayek@univ-fcomte.fr.         Primary Research Focus: optimal control, optimization, multiobjective optimization   JEL Areas: C0 : Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General C6 : Mathematical Methods and Programming: General