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		| Fikile  Hlungwane  | 
	
	
		| Nelson Mandela University | 
	
	
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		| Nelson Mandela University | 
	
	
		| University way | 
	
	
		| PO Box 77 000 | 
	
	
		| Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), Eastern Cape 6001 | 
	
	
		| South Africa | 
	
	
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		| fchlungwane@gmail.com | 
	
	
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		JEL Areas: J1 : Demographic Economics: General A1 : General Economics: General. |