Pedro Cosme Vieira Faculdade de Economia do Porto   R. Dr Roberto Frias, 80 Porto, 4200-464 Portugal   pcosme@fep.up.pt   http://www.fep.up.pt/docentes/pcosme           JEL Areas: E5 : Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General E0 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General