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| António Afonso and Christophe Rault |
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| ''Spend spend-and and-tax: a panel data investigation for the EU
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| ( 2009, Vol. 29 No.4 ) |
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| Using bootstrap panel analysis, allowing for cross cross-country correlation, without the need of pre pre-testing for unit roots, we study the causality between government spending and revenue for the EU in the period 1960 1960-2006. We find spend spend-and and-tax causality for Italy, France, Spain, Greece, and Portugal, while tax tax-and and-spend evidence is present for Germany, Belgium, Austria Finland and the UK, and for several EU New Member States. Moreover, in the run run-up to EMU there was some shifting away from a spend spend-and and-tax strategy, implying adjustments of fiscal behaviour. |
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| Keywords: fiscal sustainability, EU, causality tests |
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| Manuscript Received : Oct 21 2009 | | Manuscript Accepted : Oct 25 2009 |
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