First Author:   Sylvain Baumann University of Le Havre sylvain.baumann@univ-lehavre.fr         Second Author: Pedro Lages dos santos University of Le Havre pedro.lages@univ-lehavre.fr         Third Author: Samir Amine University of Quebec en Outaouais, CIRANO samir.amine@cirano.qc.ca         Fourth Author: Fabrice Valognes University of Caen fabrice.valognes@unicaen.fr