First Author:   David C. Kingsley University of Massachusetts Lowell david_kingsley@uml.edu   Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave. Lowell, 01854, USA   978-934-2755(Phone) 978-934-2755(Fax) Second Author: Thomas C. Brown Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service tcbrown@lamar.colostate.edu   Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2150 A, Centre Avenue Fort Collins, 80526   970-295-5968(Phone)