Huanhuan Guo Kobe University   2-5-15 Yamada-Cho Nada-Ku Kobe, Hyogo 6570064 Japan   kakukankan0209@yahoo.co.jp   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4477-6327           JEL Areas: H0 : Public Economics: General R4 : Transportation Systems: General