Mariam Ouchen Cadi Ayyad University   400 ALEXANDER AVENUE 4A Durham, North Carolina 27705 United States   mariam.ouchen@gmail.com             JEL Areas: E2 : Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) E3 : Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data)