Kazunobu Muro Meiji Gakuin University   1-2-37, Shirokanedai Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8638 Japan   muro@eco.meijigakuin.ac.jp             JEL Areas: O3 : Technological Change; Research and Development: General E2 : Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data)