Pedro Sousa Fac. de Economia do Porto   Universidade Portucalense Dep. Economia - Gabinete 215 R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 541/619 Porto, Porto 4200-072 Portugal   paulus@fep.up.pt   http://docentes.uportu.pt/~pedros/Homee.htm   Biographical Sketch: PhD student in Economics, ISEG, Lisbon, Portugal. MSc Monetary and Financial Economics, ISEG, Lisbon; First Degree Economics, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal. CIEF Research Member, ISEG, Lisbon, Portugal. Lecturer on Economics, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal Research Interests: Central bank independence and accountability; European Central Bank; Contracts with central bankers.   Primary Research Focus: central bank independence and accountability, and contracts   JEL Areas: K4 : Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General D8 : Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General