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| Isiaka Akande Raifu and Priscilla Airohi-Alikor |
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| ''Modelling tourism-environmental pollution-health outcomes nexus in Africa'' |
| ( 2026, Vol. 0 No.0 ) |
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| This study used JKS Granger non-causality and 3SLS to examine causal interactions among tourism arrivals, environmental pollution and health outcomes in Africa. The causality results revealed a Granger-caused relationship between tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, and health outcomes. The 3SLS results indicated that tourism is positively linked with health outcomes and environmental pollution, while tourism and health outcomes are also positively related to environmental pollution. Our findings suggest that the government should prioritise sustainable tourism. |
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| Keywords: tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, health outcomes |
JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services: General
I1 - Health: General |
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| Manuscript Received : Sep 17 2024 | | Manuscript Accepted : Jan 06 2026 |
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