Recky H. E. Sendouw Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences Okayama University, Japan; Department of Economics Manado State University, Indonesia   Ishima Cho 3-2-4 Kawasaki Koop 202 Okayama, Okayama 700-0017 Japan   reckyhes@yahoo.com         Primary Research Focus: Regional Economics   JEL Areas: R0 : Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: General R1 : General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data)