First Author:   Valerica Vlad Penn State Erie vuv2@psu.edu   Erie, 16563, USA   814-701-8397(Phone) 814-701-8397(Fax) Second Author: Sajal Lahiri Southern Illinois University Carbondale lahiri@siu.edu   1000 Faner Rd., Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Economics Carbodale, 4515, USA     1-618-453-2717(Fax)